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ObjectiveTo investigate the mRNA expression levels of various aquaporins （AQPs） in luteinized granulosa cells from follicles of different diameters. MethodsFrom March 25， 2022 to September 23， 2022 in our reproductive medicine center， 48 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization （IVF） were enrolled and divided into the antagonist group and the agonist group according to the ovarian stimulation protocol. Follicular fluid samples were collected on the day of oocyte pick-up and granulosa cells were extracted from follicles of different diameters： small （<13 mm）， medium （13~18 mm） and large （≥18 mm）. After RNA quantification， 22 cases （66 samples） were included for analysis and mRNA expression levels of AQPs were compared among the three follicle groups. ResultsThe mRNA expression of aquaporin 2 （AQP2） in luteinized granulosa cells increased with the increase of follicle diameter （linear trend P = 0.004） and the difference was statistically significant between two groups of large and small follicles （P = 0.017）. Statistical difference was found in the antagonist group （P = 0.049 6）， but not in the agonist group （P = 0.108）. ConclusionThe mRNA level of AQP2 in luteinized granulosa cells increases with the increase of follicle diameter and its expression is related to the ovarian stimulation protocol， suggesting that AQP2 may play a role in follicle growth and follicular fluid formation， and its mRNA expression level may be regulated by follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH）.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the accuracy of trephine bur drilling at different depths guided by dynamic navigation system in 3D printing in vitro model.@*METHODS@#A model at the depth of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm from the outer surface of which hemispherical cavities was reserved and the 3D printing technology was used to make the standardized model with Veroclear resin. The cone beam CT (CBCT) was taken and the data were imported into the dynamic navigation software (DCARER, China) to establish navigation path programming. Under the guidance of dynamic navigation, a trephine bur with a diameter of 4.5 mm was used to complete the access operation. At each depth, 10 approaches were completed. The postoperative model CBCT was taken. The approach trajectory under navigation was reconstructed and compared with the designed path. The two-dimensional distance deviation, depth deviation, three-dimensional distance deviation, and angle deviation between the actually prepared path and the designed path were calculated.@*RESULTS@#At the depth of 5 mm, the two-dimensional distance deviation between the end position of the prepared path and the designed path was (0.37±0.06) mm, the depth deviation was (0.06±0.05) mm, the three-dimensional distance deviation was (0.38±0.07) mm, and the angle deviation was 2.46°±0.54°; At the depth of 10 mm, the four deviations between the end position of prepared path and the designed path were (0.44±0.05) mm, (0.16±0.06) mm, (0.47±0.05) mm, and 2.45°±1.21°, respectively; At the depth of 15 mm, the four deviations were (0.52±0.14) mm, (0.16±0.07) mm, (0.55±0.15) mm, and 3.25°±1.22°, respectively. With the increase of entry depth, the three-dimensional and depth accuracy of dynamic navigation system decreased (P < 0.01), and the positioning angle deviation had no relation with the entry depth (P>0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Dynamic navigation technology can achieve high positioning accuracy in the depth range of 15 mm, but its deviation increases with the increase of entry depth.
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China , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Surgery, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To find out the mortality trend and related factors in aged hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus(DM). METHODS: The case information diabetic in patients who died during the period from 2005 to 2014 were collected and the mortality and causes of death were analyzed. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2014, 1297 diabetic patients died, and the mortality of elderly DM inpatients was 4.44%(1162 cases), significantly higher than that of the non-elderly of 0.94%(P<0.001). The death rate of elderly diabetic patients was significantly higher in males than in females(5.22% vs. 3.47%, P<0.001). The mortality of the aged diabetic patients decreased within 10 years(P<0.001), decreasing from 4.75% in 2005 to 3.01% in 2009(P<0.001) in the year of 2005-2009, while there were no differences in the year of 2010-2014. The main death causes of the aged diabetic in-patients were as follows: infections(27.71%), cardiovascular diseases(25.22%), tumor(21.34%), cerebral vascular diseases(10.41%) and diabetic complications(5.51%). The first death cause in the 60-79 yrs group was cardiovascular diseases, while in the ≥80 yrs group, it was infections. The constituent ratio of infection as death cause in the aged during 2010-2014 significantly increased(22.60% vs. 32.50%, P<0.001), increasing by 43.81%, and it became the first cause of death in 2010. CONCLUSION: The death rate of the elderly DM in-patients has decreased significantly within 10 years, from 2005 to 2014, while the rate has kept steady from 2010. Infections and cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death. So it's important to prevent the elderly hospitalized DM patients from infection, in addition to cardiovascular diseases, and to control in time.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hypoglycemic characteristics of hospitalized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January, 2014 to December, 2015, the data of 58 565 blood measurements using a standard blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) were collected from 1187 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes during hospitalization in the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangzhou, China). Stratified analyses were conducted by dividing the patients into 3 age groups, namely <45 years group (128 cases), 45-64 years group (594 cases), and ≥65 years group (465 cases). The incidence and time distribution of hypoglycemia in these patients were compared among the 3 age groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The risk of hypoglycemia increased with age. Compared with those below 45 years of age, the patients beyond or equal to 65 years had a significantly increased hypoglycemic density (0.95% vs 0.40%, P<0.001), a higher proportion of patients with hypoglycemia (28.17% vs 10.94%, P<0.001), and greater patient-days with hypoglycemia (4.48% vs 1.76%, P<0.001). In the elderly patients, hypoglycemia occurred most frequently before dawn, at which time the hypoglycemic density was 2.66% in patients ≥65 years of age, significantly higher than that in patients below 45 years (1.09%, P<0.05) and between 45 and 64 years (1.90%, P<0.05); the proportion of patients with hypoglycemia was also significantly higher in the elderly patients (14.57%) than in those below 45 years (3.77%, P<0.02) and between 45 and 64 years (9.42%, P<0.02). The proportion of patients with recurrent hypoglycemia (≥2 times) was significantly higher in patients ≥65 years (13.33%) than in younger patients (2.34% in <45 years group and 9.43% in 45-64 years group, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hypoglycemic risk in hospitalized elderly patients with T2DM is significantly higher than that in younger patients, especially before dawn and in terms of recurrent hypoglycemia. Clinicians should develop differential blood glucose monitoring and management strategies for these elderly patients to improve the clinical safety.</p>
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Environmental exposure to heavy metals has been linked to a wide range of human health hazards. We detected the levels of 15 metals in urine samples from 500 representative sub-samples in an ongoing occupational cohort study (Jinchang Cohort) to directly evaluate metal exposure levels. Fifteen metals, namely As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cs, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se, Tl, U, and Zn, were detected by inductively coupled plasma quadruple mass spectrometry. The results showed that median creatinine adjustment and geometric mean urinary metal levels were higher in the heavy metal-exposed group, except Se and Zn, than other reported general or occupational populations. Further studies should address the effects of heavy metals on human health.
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Humans , China , Cohort Studies , Environmental Pollutants , Blood , Metals, Heavy , Blood , Occupational ExposureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between metal exposure and risk of diabetes and prediabetes among Chinese workers exposed to metals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used data obtained from the baseline survey of the Jinchang Cohort Study of workers in Jinchang Industry, the largest nickel production company in China. A total of 42,122 workers ⋝20 years of age were included in the study. A standardized, structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information. Physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the health status of the participants and to measure various biomarkers including blood sugar, lipids, and urinary metal concentrations. Logistic regression was used to study the association between occupational groups categorized according to the measured metal levels (office workers, low-level; mining/production workers, mid-level; and smelting/refining workers, high-level) and risk of diabetes and prediabetes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 7.5% and 16.8%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes among mining/production workers and smelting/refining workers compared to office workers were 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.7) and 3.8 (95% CI: 3.4, 4.3), respectively. No association was observed between these occupational groups and prediabetes in this study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occupations associated with higher levels of metal exposure were associated with an increased risk of diabetes in this cohort. More studies are needed to confirm this observed association.</p>